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When the monarchy was restored in England in 1660, theatres reopened having been closed during the protectorship of Oliver Cromwell. In 1662 King Charles II proclaimed that in future women were to play female roles on stage. This proclamation overturns hundreds of years of tradition in England, creating something of a stir. Actresses, of course, had been playing female roles in countries such as Italy, Spain, and France for over 100 years. Charles's period of 20 years' exile in France obviously tempered his views on the matter.
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